Abstract In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes’ perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and practice time with the self-efficacy in volleyball athletes according to sex and the relationship between age and practice time with general self-efficacy, as well as to verify how these aspects impact the beliefs of volleyball players’ efficacy. High-performance volleyball athletes (n= 300), mean age was 24.88± 5.51 years, and the meantime of experience was 11.12± 5.24 years answered the Volleyball Self-Efficacy Scale and the Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale. Age and practice time are correlated with the Global Self-Efficacy in Volleyball and the dimensions Self-Efficacy in the Game, Defensive Self-Efficacy in Volleyball and Offensive Self-Efficacy Volleyball of men athletes, female, men, and women. Perceived General Self-efficacy is related to the age and practice time of female athletes and female and male athletes of both sexes. These variables represent important aspects for the construction and solidification of positive beliefs of athletes of both sexes regarding their specific abilities and for women for general self-efficacy in life.

Abstract Collective efficacy, defined as a group’s shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

RESUMO Recentemente, têm-se procurado aprofundar os estudos sobre o fenômeno psicofisiológico que pode levar atletas ao abandono de sua atividade esportiva conhecido na literatura como burnout no contexto esportivo. O objetivo do presente estudo de revisão integrativa foi analisar as variáveis psicológicas e de desempenho associadas à síndrome de burnout em atletas adultos. Buscaram-se artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web Of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, Apapsycnet através dos descritores burnout (burnout), sports (esportes) e athletes (atletas). Constatou-se que houve uma predominância das variáveis psicológicas associadas ao burnout em relação a aspectos de desempenho. Foram encontradas correlações negativas entre necessidades básicas psicológicas, motivação intrínseca, estratégias de coping e burnout, e correlações positivas com nível competitivo, volume de treinamento, tempo de treino, perfeccionismo, overtraining e burnout. Não foram encontrados resultados que inferissem aumento ou queda de desempenho em atletas de alto rendimento relacionados ao burnout, o que sucinta uma lacuna na literatura para novas investigações.

ABSTRACT Recently, scholars have been sought to deepen research on a psycho-physiological phenomenon that can lead athletes to quit sports, known in the literature as sport-related burnout. The aim of the present integrative review study was to analyze psychological and performance variables associated with the burnout syndrome in adult athletes. Articles were searched on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Apapsycnet electronic databases, using the following descriptors: burnout, sports and athletes, in both English and Portuguese. From the 15 selected studies, there was predominance of psychological variables associated with burnout over performance aspects. Negative correlations were found between burnout and basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation and coping strategies. Positive correlations were found between burnout and competitive level, training volume, years of training, perfectionism and overtraining. There were no data on performance increase or decrease related to burnout in adult high-performance athletes, which shows a gap in the literature and encourages new investigations.

Estudos recentes tem buscado investigar a concentração crônica de cortisol a partir de amostras de cabelo. Este método possui diversas vantagens como a facilidade na coleta, fácil armazenagem, não dependência da aderência da amostra para realização da pesquisa, entre outros. Entretanto ainda existem lacunas sobre quais protocolos para coleta, extração e avaliação do cortisol a partir do cabelo seriam considerados padrão para esta análise em humanos. Diante disto, o objetivo do presente estudo de revisão foi analisar os protocolos de coleta e análise do cortisol capilar como indicador do estresse crônico em indivíduos saudáveis. Considerando os 22 artigos selecionados para análise verificou-se que a maioria das pesquisas utilizaram em suas amostras indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com as amostras de cabelo cortados na região do vértice posterior da cabeça, o mais próximo possível da raiz. O comprimento e a quantidade de fios coletados variaram de acordo com os objetivos propostos de cada estudo, onde a maioria priorizou o uso de fios de 3 cm de comprimento. Conclui-se que existe uma ausência de um protocolo único quanto ao método de lavagem, tratamento dos fios e quanto ao método utilizado para extração e análise do cortisol, onde a maioria dos estudos utilizaram o composto isopropanol para lavagem de suas amostras, seguidos da pulverização dos fios realizando a análise da concentração de cortisol com três métodos principais, o CLIA, o ELISA e o LC-MS/MS.

Recent studies have sought to investigate the chronic cortisol levels from hair samples. This method has advantages such as ease of sample collection, easy storage, no dependence of the sample adherence to carry out the research, among others. However there are still gaps on which protocols for collection, extraction and evaluation of cortisol from the hair would be considered standard for this analysis in humans. Given this, the objective of this systematic review study was to analyze the protocols for the collection and analysis of hair cortisol as an indicator of chronic stress in healthy individuals. Considering the 22 articles selected for analysis it was found that most of the research samples used individuals of both sexes, with hair samples cut in the region of the vertex of the head, closest to the root. The length and number of hair varied according to the goals of each study, where most used was 3 cm of hair length. It follows that there is an absence of a single protocol on the washing method, the treatment of hair and on the method used for extraction and analysis of cortisol, where most studies have used isopropanol compound to wash their samples, followed by pulverization of the sample, conducting the analysis of cortisol concentration by three main methods, the CLIA, ELISA and LC-MS / MS.

RESUMO O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática foi analisar os processos de adaptação transcultural e validação da Escala de Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço de Borg (6-20) e de suas instruções durante o exercício em adultos e idosos. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados da área da saúde, esporte e psicologia (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Bireme (BVS), PsycINFO, SportDiscus e Scopus) e os descritores em inglês e português foram padronizados para todas as bases de dados (“exercise”/”exercício”; “validity”/”validade”; “borg scale”/”escala de borg”; “perceived exertion”/”percepção de esforço”; e “validation”/”validação”). Entre os 1488 artigos encontrados, foram selecionados 14 artigos para análise. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que a adaptação transcultural (Cantonês e Japonês) foi reportada em apenas quatro artigos. Os critérios mais baixos de qualidade metodológica foram aqueles relacionados a definição de percepção de esforço, a instrução e familiarização com a Escala. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudos não realizou o processo de adaptação transcultural e além disso, só a validade concorrente foi utilizada como método de validação. Portanto, é necessário realizar adaptação transcultural da Escala de Borg (6-20) principalmente na língua portuguesa, além dos diferentes tipos de validação para se obter resultados mais precisos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the cross-cultural adaptation and validation processes of Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (6-20) and its instructions during exercise in adults and the elderly. The study was conducted using databases that include the areas of health, sports and psychology (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Bireme (BVS), PsycINFO, SportDiscus and Scopus), and descriptors in the English and Portuguese languages were standardized for all databases ("exercise" / "exercicio", "validity" / "validade", "borg scale" / "escala de borg"; "perceived exertion" / "percepção de esforço" and "validation" / "validação"). Among the 1,488 items found, 14 articles were selected for analysis. The main findings were that cross-cultural adaptation (Cantonese and Japanese) was reported in only four articles. The lowest-scored criteria for methodological quality were related to the concept of perceived exertion, and the instructions for use and familiarization with Borg’s scale. The results indicate that the majority of the studies did not apply the cross-cultural adaptation process and additionally, that concurrent validity was the only validation method reported. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of Borg’s Scale (6-20), mainly in the Portuguese language, in addition to other types of validation in order to ensure more accurate results.

Resumo Compreender a relação entre ansiedade-estado pré-competitiva e desempenho esportivo se constitui em importante meio para ajudar os esportistas a diagnosticar e controlar emoções. O presente estudo pretendeu: a) comparar o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva entre atletas homens e mulheres, das equipes finalistas da Taça Paraná de Voleibol 2011; b) comparar os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva entre as equipes campeã e vice-campeã masculina, bem como entre as equipes campeã e vice-campeã feminina; c) comparar os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva dos atletas titulares e reservas, para as equipes de ambos os sexos; d) verificar a relação entre os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva e o tempo de prática dos atletas das equipes masculinas, bem como das equipes femininas. Participaram do estudo quatro equipes infanto-juvenis, finalistas da Taça Paraná 2011, totalizando 24 atletas do sexo feminino e 23 do sexo masculino (idade 16,16 ± 0,34 anos) e tempo de prática (4,97 ± 1,99 anos). Para avaliar a ansiedade pré-competitiva, utilizou-se o instrumento CSAI-2. As coletas ocorreram 30 minutos antes do início dos jogos finais. De forma geral, as equipes finalistas apresentaram níveis de ansiedade geral pré-competitiva similares, embora tenham sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre atletas mulheres titulares e reservas em relação à autoconfiança, sendo que as titulares apresentaram médias mais elevadas neste aspecto.

Abstract Understanding the relationship between pre-competitive state anxiety and sports performance are an important means to help sportsmen to diagnose and manage emotions. The present study aimed to: a) compare the level of pre-competitive anxiety among athletes men and women, the finalist teams of Paraná Cup Volleyball 2011; b) to compare the levels of pre-competitive anxiety among male champion teams and runners-up, as well as between female champion teams and runners-up; c) compare the levels of pre-competitive anxiety and reserves holders athletes for teams of both sexes; d) verify the relationship between the levels of pre-competitive anxiety and practice time for athletes of men’s teams and the women’s teams. Study participants were four youth teams, Paraná Cup finalists in 2011, totaling 24 female athletes and 23 male athletes (age 16.16 ± overall 0.34 years) and practice time 4.97 ± 1.99 years . To evaluate the pre-competitive anxiety, used the instrument CSAI-2. Sample occurred 30 minutes before the start of finals games. In general, the finalist teams had higher levels of general pre-competitive anxiety similar, although statistically significant differences between women athletes holders and reserves have been found in relation to the self-confidence, and the holders had higher average in this aspect.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a auto avaliação do saque, efetividade e eficácia deste fundamento. Participaram do estudo duas equipes femininas de voleibol da categoria infantil, com média de idade 14,63 ± 0,5 anos e tempo de prática 4,92 ± 1,87 anos. Aplicou-se a Escala de Auto avaliação do Saque no Voleibol e realizado escalte técnico do saque. Os resultados apontaram diferenças na efetividade da Equipe "A" (37,26 ± 19,38) e Equipe "B" (53,89 ± 14,18) (p=0,02) e eficácia da Equipe "A" (91,50 ± 5,51) e Equipe "B" (96,21 ± 4,46) (p=0,02). Na auto avaliação houve diferença entre a Equipe "A" 45,20 ± 5,11 e a Equipe "B" 41,78 ± 3,19 (p=0,05). Houve correlação moderada (r= 0,65 p=0,00) entre a auto avaliação e o tempo de prática de ambas as equipes. Conclui-se que a equipe que conquistou a melhor colocação foi a que se apresentou mais efetiva e eficaz na execução do saque.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self-assessment of volleyball serves and the effectiveness and efficacy of this skill. Two female volleyball teams of the infant category, with a mean age of 14.63 ± 0.5 years and a playing experience of 4.92 ± 1.87 years, participated in the study. A Volleyball Serve-Specific Self-Assessment Scale was applied and technical scout of the serve was performed. The results showed differences in effectiveness between team A (37.26 ± 19.38) and team B (53.89 ± 14.18) (p = 0.02) and in efficacy between team A (91 50 ± 5.51) and team B (96.21 ± 4.46) (p = 0.02). There was also a difference in self-assessment between team A (45.20 ± 5.11) and team B (41.78 ± 3.19) (p = 0.05). A moderate correlation (r = 0.65, p = 0.00) was observed between self-assessment and years of practice in both teams. In conclusion, the team that won first place was more effective and efficacious in executing the serve.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Failed back surgery syndrome refers to a condition in which a patient has undergone back surgery with a poor outcome. This syndrome leads to losses in daily living activities and hinders the return to physical exercise. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between chronic low back pain and functional capacity and the physical activity level of these patients.METHODS:Cross-sectional study comprising 57 patients, mean age 51.07±12.93 years, who underwent low back surgery. These patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence of chronic low back pain. All patients filled in a questionnaire that covered demographic data, visual analog scale for pain, Rolland-Morris Questionnaire to evaluate functional incapacity and International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure physical activity level.RESULTS:The following predominated: women (77%), obese (49%), surgery for spinal disc herniation (80%), underwent one low back surgery (52%). Patients with chronic low back pain refer a greater perception of disability and 81% of this group showed an average of 3.53±3.51 points in Roland-Morris. Chronic low back pain had no influence on the different levels of physical activity demonstrated in patients with chronic low back pain and results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire showed no significant difference between the groups (p=0.54).CONCLUSION:These findings indicate that there were other factors beyond chronic pain interfering with the physical activity level in these groups and further studies to explore lifestyle, physical exercise adherence and other dimensions of pain are still needed. Results contribute to the understanding and management of patients with chronic low back pain.

O papel da autoeficácia no desempenho é foco de estudo no âmbito esportivo. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi verificar os instrumentos empregados para mensurar a autoeficácia relacionada ao desempenho esportivo e identificar suas propriedades psicométricas. Buscaram-se artigos nas bases de dados Eric, Scopus e APA (Psycnet), Scielo ScienceDirect e Pubmedcom os descritores self-efficacy, sports, performance. Dos 13 estudos selecionados para análise, constatou-se que a maioria propôs instrumentos específicos para a pesquisa, seguindo recomendações do guia de construção de medidas de autoeficácia; apenas um artigo apresentou o processo de validação; a consistência interna foi a propriedade psicométrica mais reportada; não houve referência à reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos e tampouco divulgação dos instrumentos utilizados nas pesquisas. Conclui-se que a reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos permitiria maior confiabilidade na análise dos resultados e controle de variáveis cognitivas que afetam o rendimento esportivo e que um padrão ouro de avaliação da autoeficácia em contexto esportivo específico se faz necessário.

The role of self-efficacy on performance is the focus of study in sports. The aim of this integrative review was to assess the instruments used to measure self-efficacy related to sports performance and identify its psychometric properties. We searched for articles in databases Eric, Scopus and APA (Psycnet), Scielo ScienceDirectand Pubmed with descriptors self-efficacy, sports, performance. Of the 13 studies selected for analysis, it was found that most proposed specific instruments for research, following recommendations of the guide construction of measures of self-efficacy; just one article presented the validation process, the internal consistency was reported more psychometric property; there was no reference to the reproducibility of the instruments nor disclosure of the instruments used in research. It is concluded that the reproducibility of the instruments allow greater reliability in the results analysis and control of cognitive variables that affect sport performance and that a gold standard for assessing self-efficacy in specific sporting context is necessary.

As concentrações de cortisol constituem uma importante variável de mensuração do estresse, mas existem controvérsias sobre as respostas desse hormônio ao exercício físico, treino e competição. O intuito desta revisão sistemática foi analisar objetivos, metodologias e principais resultados das pesquisas que utilizaram o cortisol como medida de análise do estresse em atletas. Verificou-se a predominância do cortisol salivar (54.6%) em várias modalidades desportivas, a maioria foi realizada com modalidades individuais (72.8%), com atletas do género masculino (59%) e atletas profissionais de alto rendimento (91%). Diversos procedimentos e momentos de coleta foram descritos nos artigos revisados. As alterações nas concentrações de cortisol salivar detetadas nestes estudos demonstraram que grande parte das situações desportivas foram consideradas possíveis fontes de estresse para atletas. O maior aumento nas concentrações de cortisol foi encontrado entre a situação basal e a situação pós-competitiva, bem como entre as coletas realizadas no dia da competição e aquelas mensuradas no mesmo horário em repouso. A partir da análise dos resultados da presente revisão, percebeu-se a necessidade de uma padronização nos métodos de análise do cortisol em atletas, bem como do controle do ritmo circadiano, a fim de encontrar valores referenciais.

The cortisol levels are an important variable to measure stress. Yet there is still controversy about these hormone responses to physical exercise, sports training and competition. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the objectives, methodological procedures and main results of studies reporting cortisol hormone as a measurement of stress in athletes. There was a predominance of salivary cortisol (54.6%) in a wide variety of sports. Most research was conducted in individual sports (72.8%), male subjects (59%) and high-performance or professional athletes (91%). Several procedures and times of collection have been described in the literature. Changes in salivary cortisol level found in this review showed that most sports were considered as a possible source of stress for athletes. The highest increase in cortisol levels was found between baseline and post-competitive situation, as well as between samples taken on the competition day and those measured at the same time at rest. As a conclusion, there is the need to standardize the procedures for cortisol assessment in athletes, as well as the control of circadian rhythm in order to meet the reference values.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência de mulheres com sintomas de bulimia nervosa frequentadoras de academia de ginástica e verificar, dentre as praticantes que apresentam traços bulímicos, qual a frequência de utilização do exercício físico como forma compensatória. Participaram do estudo 197 mulheres matriculadas em academias de ginástica da cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28,7±9,9 anos). Para avaliar o quadro de bulimia utilizou-se o Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edingurgh (BITE) e uma anamnese estruturada pelos pesquisadores para atender interesses do estudo. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e a frequência amostral pelo programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 11.5. A prevalência de sintomas de bulimia foi de 3%. A prevalência de traços bulímicos foi de 11,2%. Dos indivíduos que apresentaram traços bulímicos, 59,1% afirmaram praticar exercício físico após episódios de alimentação exagerada. Estes resultados podem indicar que esse comportamento compensatório através da prática de exercício físico pode levar as mulheres a procurar as academias de ginástica.

The research objective was to determine the prevalence of women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa attending the gym and check out the practitioners who show bulimic traces, and how often they use the exercise as a compensatory way. The study included 197 women enrolled in gyms in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28.7 ± 9.9 years). To evaluate the framework of bulimia it was used the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edingurgh (BITE) and a structured interview by the researchers to meet the interests of the study. For the data analysis it was used descriptive statistics and frequency sampling by the statistical program SPSS for Windows 11.5. The prevalence of symptoms of bulimia was 3%. The prevalence of bulimic traits was 11.2%. From the individuals that show bulimic traits, 59.1% reported physical exercise after episodes of over-eating. These results may indicate that this compensatory behavior through physical exercise can cause women to seek out gyms.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de mujeres que frecuentan al gimnasio y presentan síntomas de la bulimia nerviosa, observar en los practicantes que presentan rasgos de bulimia, con qué frecuencia se utilizan del ejercicio como una forma de compensación. El estudio incluyó a 197 mujeres que participaron en los gimnasios en la ciudad de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (28,7 ± 9,9 años). Para evaluar el marco de la bulimia se utilizó la Prueba Investigadora de la Bulimia de Edingurgh (BITE) y una entrevista estructurada por los investigadores para satisfacer a los intereses del estudio. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la frecuencia de muestra por el programa estadístico SPSS 11.5 for Windows. La prevalencia de síntomas de la bulimia fue de 3%. La prevalencia de rasgos bulímicos fue del 11,2%. De las personas que tienen rasgos bulímicos, el 59,1% reportó el ejercicio físico después de los episodios de comer en exceso. Estos resultados indican que este comportamiento compensatorio a través del ejercicio físico hace con que las mujeres busquen a los gimnasios.

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibromialgia (FM) é uma condição dolorosa crônica que causa comprometimento da capacidade funcional, possivelmente pela adoção de um comportamento sedentário. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o nível de atividade física (NAF) e sua relação com o desempenho físico em mulheres com FM. OBJETIVOS: Comparar o NAF, avaliado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), e o desempenho físico, mensurado pelo teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) de mulheres com e sem FM, além de investigar possíveis relações entre NAF e desempenho físico em ambos os grupos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 30 mulheres com o diagnóstico de FM (pacientes) e 28 mulheres saudáveis (controles) que responderam ao IPAQ e realizaram o TC6. RESULTADOS: Pacientes e controles autorrelataram similar NAF, considerando tanto o escore total quanto todos os subcomponentes do IPAQ (P > 0,05). Porém, as pacientes apresentaram pior desempenho físico no TC6 (pacientes: 441,8 ± 84,1 m vs. controles: 523,9 ± 80,3 m; P < 0,01). Não existiram relações entre a distância caminhada no TC6 e as variáveis do IPAQ para o grupo controle. Entretanto, para as pacientes, a distância caminhada no teste apresentou correlações significativas (P < 0,05) com o escore total e com os subcomponentes transporte, atividades domésticas e atividades físicas de intensidade moderada do questionário IPAQ. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com FM apresentaram NAF similar às mulheres sem FM, mas pior desempenho físico. Esse comprometimento funcional pode estar relacionado ao estilo de vida adotado, uma vez que houve relação entre o NAF e o desempenho físico nessas pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that causes impaired functional capacity, possibly through the adoption of sedentary behaviour. However, little is known regarding physical activity level and its relationship with physical performance in women with FM. OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity level, assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and physical performance, measured using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in women with and without FM, and to examine the possible relationships between physical activity level and physical performance in both groups. METHODS: The study included 30 women diagnosed with FM (patients) and 28 healthy women (controls) who answered the IPAQ and performed the 6MWT. RESULTS: Patients and controls self-reported similar physical activity level, considering both the total score and all IPAC subcomponents (P > 0.05). However, the FM patients had worse physical performance in the 6MWT (patients, 441.8 ± 84.1 m vs. controls, 523.9 ± 80.3 m; P < 0.01). There were no relationships between the distance walked in the 6MWT and the IPAQ variables for the control group. However, the distance walked by patients in the test showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with the total score and the subcomponents transport, household activities, and physical activities of moderate intensity in the IPAQ. CONCLUSIONS: Women with FM had physical activity levels similar to women without FM but exhibited worse physical performance. This functional impairment may be related to lifestyle adopted because there was a relationship between physical activity level and physical performance in those patients.

O medo de cair é um dos principais problemas em indivíduos pós acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). A imaginação pode ser uma experiência sucedida para diminuir este aspecto. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de um programa de imaginação de curto prazo no medo de quedas em indivíduos pós-AVE. Sete indivíduos acometidos por AVE participaram do estudo. A Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas (FES-I-Brasil) foi aplicada antes (PRÉ), depois (PÓS) e sete dias após a intervenção (RET). Foram realizadas quatro sessões de familiarização e seis de prática da imaginação. Não houve diferença significativa no escore total da FES-I-Brasil após intervenção (p=0,46), exceto na tarefa subir/descer escadas (PRÉ e PÓS, p=0,04; PRÉ e RET; p=0,01). Apesar da melhoria na tarefa subir/descer escadas, alterações nos demais itens da escala não foram encontradas o que pode representar um efeito relativamente reduzido do programa de imaginação de curto prazo.

The fear of falling is one of the main problems with subjects after stroke. Imagery could be one succeed experience to decrease this issue. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a short-time imagery intervention in fear of falling in subjects after stroke. Seven individuals affected by stroke participated in the study. The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I-Brazil) were used before (PRE), after (POST) and seven days after intervention (RET). Four session of familiarization and six of imagery were performed. There were no difference in FES-I-Brazil score after intervention (p=0.46), except in up/down stairs task (PRE and POST, p=0.04; PRÉ and RET, p=0.01). Although, the improvement in up/down stairs task, no more changes were found in the scale items, which could represent a relatively reduced effect of short-time imagery intervention.

A imaginação tem sido utilizada para melhorar o desempenho motor funcional de indivíduos pós-Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Porém, a habilidade desses sujeitos em gerar imagens vívidas é um fator questionado. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de um programa de imaginação sobre a treinabilidade da capacidade de imaginação de indivíduos pós-AVE. Participaram do estudo 7 sujeitos acometidos por AVE. A avaliação da capacidade de imaginação foi aplicada no pré-teste (PRÉ-CI), pós-teste (PÓS-CI) e após o período de retenção (RET-CI), utilizando o Questionário de Imaginação Visual e Cinestésica (KVIQ-10). Foram realizadas quatro sessões de pré-condicionamento e seis de prática específica da imaginação. Os indivíduos melhoraram a capacidade de imaginação somente para o domínio cinestésico quando as tarefas eram imaginadas com o lado não afetado pelo AVE (p=0,03). A melhora encontrada indica certa assimetria com relação à capacidade de imaginação para esses indivíduos.

Imagery has been used to improve the functional motor performance in post stroke individuals; however, the ability of these subjects in generating vivid images is a questionable factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the motor imagery ability of individuals post stroke. Seven individuals after stroke participated in the study. The assessment of imagery ability was applied in the pre-test (PRE-CI), post-test (POST-CI) and follow-up period (FUP-CI), using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ-10.) Four sessions of pre-conditioning and six of specific imagery were performed. The subjects improved the motor imagery ability for the kinesthetic domain when the tasks were performed with the side unaffected by stroke (p = 0.03). The improvement found indicates an asymmetry in relation to the imagery ability of these individuals.